PGP Individual Use or Organizational Use an Example by

PGP: Individual Use or Organizational Use So as to respond to the topic of Is utilizing a scrambled framework like PGP a smart thought of people and associations? I have to initially clarify what PGP is. I might likewise want to introduce data relating to why PGP has been made, its motivation and another encryption framework named S/MIME, which is PGPs current adversary. Need article test on PGP: Individual Use or Organizational Use point? We will compose a custom article test explicitly for you Continue PGP or Pretty Good Privacy is an open key encryption program. It utilizes three realized calculations to encode, sign, unscramble, and confirm messages. It changes over the carefully encoded message or mark into an organization reasonable for text transmission by utilization of 'Radix-64. Since PGP works with the utilization of deviated encryption 'keys', just the proposed beneficiary of the message may decode it. To utilize PGP, you should produce a couple of keys. One key is the open key; the other is the private key. The private key permits you to unscramble a message sent to you by some other client. To permit different clients to encode a message planned uniquely for you, you should give them a duplicate of your open key. An open key won't permit unscrambling of an encoded message. A unique order gave to the PGP program starts a procedure of making your own customized pair of keys. You react to the solicitations of PGP (to questions it asks) to create those extraordinary keys fo r you. It will approach you for a pass expression to permit the recently made private key to stay unusable by anybody yet you. Moreover, PGP can be utilized to validate that a message was sent by the key holder of the message. By producing an electronic mark, the sender can't deny that he sent the message. A case of this would be somebody sending an email demand for work to be performed and afterward denying that he made the solicitation. Unquestionably this could be an alarming circumstance for any individual who is in the business world. Most people and organizations like to get paid for their work. Endless supply of the solicitation, the sender's personality can be checked by utilizing the sender's open key to affirm that the message was in reality sent by the gathering it seems to have originated from. This element surely has some significant advantages for the business world, which we will examine in further into this paper. This is to be appeared differently in relation to S/MIME, which was created by the IETF utilizing old style Standards Organization forms, like PGP (Secure Multipurpose Internet Email Extensions). Another variant of the MIME convention that underpins encryption of messages. S/MIME depends on RSA's open key encryption innovation. Determines designing non-ASCII messages with the goal that they can be sent over the Internet. Many email customers currently bolster MIME, which empowers them to send and get designs, sound, and video records by means of the Internet mail framework. There are numerous predefined MIME types, for example, GIF illustrations documents and PostScript records. It is likewise conceivable to characterize your own MIME types. Notwithstanding email applications, Web programs likewise bolster different MIME types. This empowers the program to show or yield records that are not in HTML design. Since I have clarified what PGP is and how it functions, let us recognize the focal points and burdens it might have for either singular use or hierarchical use. PGP consolidates two encryption techniques, the accommodation of open key encryption with the speed of ordinary encryption. Its regular encryption is around 100 to multiple times quicker than open key encryption, which takes care of the issue of moderate encryption with symmetric calculations. Open key encryption gives an answer for key conveyance and information transmission issues when utilizing symmetric encryption. At the point when utilized together, execution and key circulation are improved with no penance in security. PGP is acceptable half breed arrangement; it integrates the upsides of open key and symmetric cryptography, while additionally giving an attainable answer for the drawbacks of both. PGP likewise has its burdens. Utilizing PGP can be an intricate procedure and its idea is frequently hard for certain individuals to get a handle on. So as to determine this, individuals will require all the more preparing. The two gatherings must have the option to utilize PGP, which means it is difficult to utilize PGP except if individuals at the two closures of the association are fit for utilizing some form of PGP. In spite of the fact that I read that PGP has settled this by actualizing a self-decoding chronicle (SDA), which makes an executable document that utilizes ordinary, symmetric encryption. Key administration is a test from the start inside the program and can be somewhat ungainly for clients to learn. Once more, furnishing clients with all the more preparing will help settle this issue. So since I have educated you about the points of interest and hindrances PGP brings to the table, let us decide whether the individual or the association would best use this encryption technique. From what we have realized, PGP is totally perfect with advanced email trade. The individual client today as of now utilizes PGP, since it is the most widely recognized encryption standard. For associations, PGP is certainly a choice to consider, however today you will discover the utilization of the previously mentioned S/MIME encryption, because of its near development, support for incorporated key administration by means of x.509 authentication servers and far reaching specialized help. Works citied: http://www.zdnet.com/blog/ou/?p=89

Quality of High School Education in United States Essay

Nature of High School Education in United States - Essay Example The mix of innovation has gotten incredible act of spontaneity the nature of secondary school instruction. A definitive increase of the previously mentioned point has really spread a feeling that all is well with the world in the understudies. They are presently progressively certain of taking up the difficulties of this present reality that requires immediate arrangement making and customary thoughtfulness. The learning in the homeroom is presently producing another connection between the instructor and the understudy. The educators are presently creating different new strategies for evaluation just as instructing process. The schools are additionally entrusting its instructors to weight on basic reasoning. Despite the fact that understudies are learning realities and essential abilities, they are presently worrying with satisfactory accentuation on cutting edge thinking aptitudes (von Glasersfeld, 87-95). The more up to date innovation by and large as PC and web has given an alternate expansion to the idea that incorporates significant learning of instruction. One of the first and most vocal defenders of the utilization of innovation to advance this kind of significant learning was Seymour Papert who accepted that PCs could give an amazing asset to learning. He likewise noticed that schools have much of the time disregarded the wide limits of PCs for instructional help, separating them from the learning procedure instead of incorporating them into all regions of the educational program. Utilizing the procedures of the constructivism successfully, the instructor can instruct or teach their understudies in reestablished methodology. Instructors are starting to utilize innovation as an apparatus to elevate understudies' capacity to reason and take care of genuine issues. Likewise, educators have now been utilizing innovation and furthermore coordinating them into formal instruction frame work with goal to change homerooms into innovation escalated information focuses giving intentional learning test inclining that would instinctively make a situation of credible activity instead of mindfulness and basic data. The viable utilization of innovation presently incorporates higher psychological ability improvement and thinking aptitudes, for example, critical thinking, thinking, dynamic, and logical request. At the point when educators are exhaustive and absolutely coordinate innovation into study hall a totally different condition appears. A constructivist learning condition is a spot wherein students cooperate and bolster each other as they utilize an assortment of devices and data assets in their guided quest for learning objectives and critical thinking exercises. Constructivist learning situations every now and again incorporate a wide range of uses of media and innovation. Study halls under this condition are dynamic with the consolidate of the instruments of constructivism with correspondence and representation devices that empower correspondence and coordinated effort among students in a socio social setting. Expanded understudy accomplishment can result in view of the cooperative energy made through powerful connections (Sandholtz, Ringstaff, and Dwyer). Reference: Papert, S. Mindstorms: Children, PCs and influential thoughts. New York: Harper Collins, 1980 Papert, S. The youngsters' machine: Rethinking school in the age of the PC. New York: Basic Books, 1994 Sandholtz, J., Ringstaff, C., and Dwyer, D.

The Three-Paragraph Essay Examples That Can Be Used To Create Your Own Essay

The Three-Paragraph Essay Examples That Can Be Used To Create Your Own EssayIn this article I will briefly discuss the three paragraph essay samples, the three paragraph essay samples that you can use to create your own essay. There are actually many examples of essays for students to choose from. Here I have just provided you with some of the more popular ones.First up, is the Writer's Header or 'How to Format a Pretty Footnote'. The author writes about something in his or her particular field. For example, a journalist might write about a sports figure's political aspirations. In this situation the author would not want to underline every one of the claim.Instead, he or she would just write 'Sports Figure Political Ambitions' and then show their footnotes to support his or her claim. In addition, he or she would then give examples of various types of writing styles to illustrate the points he or she was trying to make. One of these examples would be 'In-House Style, A Small Case St udy'.Next is the Three-Paragraph Essay Sample. This has been the preferred essay format by students for years. It is also the format that is used by professors. This is the type of essay where the author presents a summary of the argument for the reader to then decide if the piece of writing is correct or not.Again, if you are looking for some of the best three-paragraph essay samples, this is the one you want to use. Here the author will summarize the argument in a few sentences, show the reader what sort of sentence structure he or she should use, and then finally explain how the topic is used throughout the piece.Finally, here is a third type of essay, the Ten paragraph essay samples. These are much like the basic three-paragraph essays except that they only have ten paragraphs. The purpose of the format is to teach you the rules of writing a concise and clear argument, with the short paragraphs helping you build on that thesis.Some of the basic rules that the three paragraph ess ay samples teach you include, breaking up your arguments into different paragraphs, making sure that you make your point clear to the reader and keep your conclusion simple. Of course, there are other tips as well but these three rules are by far the most important.As you can see, I have briefly discussed the three paragraph essay samples in this article. I hope that I have shown you some great examples of what you can do with them, but that is really it.

Pak Us Relations - 7976 Words

Lecture No. 1 25-10-210 KASHMIR ISSUE OUTLINE: 1. Background 2. Indian Perspective 3. Pakistan Perspective 4. Plebiscite 5. Partition 6. Independent and conclusion EARLY HISTORY: In the 18th century Kashmir was ruled by the Muslim Pashtun Durrani Empire. In 1819 Kashmir was conquered by the Sikh ruler Ranjit Singh. Following the First Anglo-Sikh War in 1845 and 1846, Kashmir was first ceded by the Treaty of Lahore to the East India Company, and shortly after sold by the Treaty of Amritsar to Gulab Singh, Raja of Jammu, who thereafter was given the title Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir. From then until the Partition of India, Kashmir was ruled by the Hindu Maharajas of the princely state of Kashmir and Jammu although†¦show more content†¦3) PAKISTANI PROSPECTIVE: Pakistan says that Kashmir is a disputed territory whose final status must be determined by the people of Kashmir. Pakistan always keep same just Jammu and Kashmir is occupied territory exception of India. Pakistan seas fire signed under the coercive pressure. And is here no legal and moral justification. And because the UN security council also accept the self deternation of the Kashmiri people and that’s way UN resolution still alive and effective. Atal Bihari Vajpai visited to Pakistan in January 1999, because Bhartia Janta Party always tried to solve Kashmir issue. Vajpai came in Pakistan by bus service. Prime Minister Nawaz Shareef and Bihari Vajpai signed a declaration that called Lahore Declaration. In that time raised Kargil issue in October 1999, taken over by the Chief of Army Staff. When Musharaf was President of Pakistan, he invited by Atal Bihari Vajpai (PM of India). They signed a declaration in July 2002, at Agrah, that is called Agra summit. These are the efforts was made by the Pakistan. 4) POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS OF KASHMIR DISPUTE: Several options have been proposed for solution of the Kashmir dispute but this intricate problem has remained un-solved causing enormous financial and material costs to all parties to the conflict. Although list of proposals for resolution of Kashmir dispute is quite large but the following major possible solutions have been put forward from time to time toShow MoreRelatedChange Management : Business Process Re Engineering Essay1027 Words   |  5 Pageswas just about an indistinguishable clone of Safeways’s Pak â€Å"N† Save chain in Northern California. (Wikipedia, 2013) Business Policy – Mission and Strategy Pak’n Save of New Zealand’s follows clear policy of providing lowest food prices, then why should Kiwis shop anywhere else? Further Pak’n Save loves to capitalize on being proudly New Zealand owned and operated, their patriotic feeling towards their country has increased their business. 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After Modi pleasantly surprised Pakistan by gatecrashing P.M Nawaz Sharif’s birthday party on December 25, there is hope for a new era, or atRead MoreForeign Secretary Level Talks : India s Prime Minister Essay797 Words   |  4 PagesWhile campaigning for last year’s national vote, Narendra Modi promised a â€Å"new chapter† in Indo-Pak history if he became India’s Prime Minister (P.M). Instead, bilateral relations through his first year and a half in office stuck to a prologue both fractious and pinned by testy cross-border rhetoric. All that has changed now, at least on the surface. After Modi pleasantly surprised Pakistan by gatecrashing P.M Nawaz Sharif’s birthday party on December 25, there is hope for a new era, or at leastRead MorePakistan Afghanistan Relations3175 Words   |  13 Pagesworld closer at one platform. Its one of the fundamental principle has been to establish brotherly relations with the Muslim countries. Pakistan succeeded in cherishing very cordial relations with every Muslim country baring Afghanistan. In case of Afghanistan geographical location has acted more negatively than the binding role the Muslim faith was expected to play. In case of Pak-Afghan relations Lord Curzon’s (former Viceroy of India) saying seems to be worth mentioning here, ‘frontiers are indeedRead MorePakist Pakistan For Counter Terrorism And Sino Pak Cooperation825 Words   |  4 PagesCenter and United States embassies in Africa were apprehended by Pakistan. â€Å"Despite being the victim of terrorism itself, Pakistan has been cooperating with the international community and the US in counterterrorism efforts† . After 9/11 China sought cooperation from Pakistan for counter terrorism and Sino-Pak cooperation and ‘combating terrorism, separatism and extremism’ agreements were signed in 2005 and 2006. Meanwhile, Pakistani forces killed Hasan Mahsum, head of the East Turkestan Islamic MovementRead MoreTqm Implementation at Suzuki Motors4475 Words   |  18 PagesTQM IMPLEMENTATION AT PAK SUZUKI MOTORS CO. LTD. Course: Total Quality Management Course In charge: Sir Irfan Submitted by: Ahtisham Iqbal (07) Ayesha Hasan (14) Osama Masood Khan (40) Rabeel Arif Shaikh (43) Saira Farooq (52) Zoheb Hassan Khan (62) Date: 4th December 2011 S. No | CONTENTS | Pg. No | 1234 | Total Quality ManagementPak Suzuki Motor Company LimitedInterview With The Assistant Manager (HR) Of PSMCLAnalysis of TQM At Pak Suzuki Motors Company Limited | 03071013 |Read MoreA Research On The Tapi Gas Pipeline820 Words   |  4 Pagesbe a litmus test for the appeal of positive economics over set geopolitical agendas. TAPI, for sure, is great news for energy starved South Asia, but it risks becoming a coercive tool to strong-arm downstream partners when bilateral or trilateral relations sour. Once online in 2019, TAPI will funnel 33 billion cubic meters of gas along a 1800 km pipeline from Turkmenistan’s Galkynysh field to Fazilka in Indian Punjab. It will pass through Herat and Kandahar in Afghanistan, cross borders into QuettaRead MoreA Research On The Tapi Gas Pipeline833 Words   |  4 Pagestest for the persuasive power of positive economics over set geopolitical agendas. It may seem like a no-brainer that TAPI is great news for energy starved South Asia, but it risks becoming a coercive tool to strong-arm downstream partners when relations sour. Once online in 2019, TAPI will funnel 33 billion cubic meters of gas along a 1800 km pipeline from Turkmenistan’s Galkynysh field to Fazilka in Indian Punjab. It will pass through Herat and Kandahar in Afghanistan, cross borders into Quetta

Internet Copyright Laws - 1388 Words

Kevin Kearney May 4, 2003 MGT 251 / Extra Credit Internet Copyright Laws A student comes home to his dorm at the University of Scranton after a rough day of classes. With the quick internet connection provided on the schools network, the student makes a few clicks and logs into Morpheus, a program that enables music fans to download free music. Within a few minutes he is on his way to owning an unlimited amount of songs at no cost. Everything this student is doing is legal, right? Wrong. The downloaded music from the internet is copyrighted material. Todays internet is considered an information superhighway, a device where anything from music, books, programs and information can be shared worldwide. Since billions†¦show more content†¦Lawrence Wollersheim and Bob Penny, long-time critics and the ex-members of the Church of Scientology recently had all their computers, equipment, and software confiscated, along with the dozens of boxes of paper files by CofS in Boulder County, CO (Fearer 350). The CofS requires that members pay a fee to attain the information that it provides. Certain standards are also required to attain such information. Scientologists say their upper-level material and information are valued as trade secrets and are in fact copyrighted, although unpublished. This exists because premature exposure to the knowledge without training could cause ‘irreversible spiritual harm, according to Religious Technology Center (RTC) (Fearer 351). Wollershiem and Penny used the internet to expose secrets of the CofS. They wanted to warn others of the false identity of the CofS in an attempt to make sure others werent fooled. Although their intent may be in good faith for the public, the information that they are exposing is under copyright. Therefore the CofS is able to use the law to their advantage. Although the information and the beliefs on the Church of Scientology may be Kearney 5 outrageous and ridiculous, their information is under copyright laws. The Church should have the ability to supervise the usage of their material. Since the laws were unclear, theShow MoreRelated Internet Copyright Laws Essay1383 Words   |  6 PagesInternet Copyright Laws A student comes home to his dorm at the University of Scranton after a rough day of classes. With the quick internet connection provided on the school’s network, the student makes a few clicks and logs into Morpheus, a program that enables music fans to download free music. Within a few minutes he is on his way to owning an unlimited amount of songs at no cost. Everything this student is doing is legal, right? Wrong. The downloaded music from the internet is copyrightedRead MoreThe Impact Of Internet And Social Media On Copyright Laws1061 Words   |  5 Pagesthe impact of the internet and social media on copyright laws? What is the impact of the internet and social media on copyright laws? Haley Leshko CGS-1000 March 10, 2017 Mr. Newfield WHAT IS THE IMPACT OF THE INTERNET AND SOCIAL MEDIA ON COPYRIGHT LAWS? Introduction Copyright laws were established to protect the original work of individuals since 1709. At present only two acts are in effect today, the copyright Act of 1909 and 1976. (United States Copyright Laws) These works protectRead MoreThe Law Governing Online Copyright Infringement ( Issps ) And Internet Users1125 Words   |  5 Pagesto the effects as stated in the question will be inconsistent with the rights and/or freedom of Information Society Service Providers (ISSPs) and Internet users. This issue will be tackled by looking into the law governing online copyright infringement (i.e. the European Union (EU) Directives and Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) case law); the current positions of ISSPs and users in terms of their rights and liabilities (particularly post UPC Telekabel Wien decision); evaluation asRead MoreThe Violation Of Copyright Infringement1296 Words   |  6 Pages2015 the Copyright (Online Infringement) amendment was assented, and came into effect t he day after. The laws that this amendment includes aim to allow copyright holders to make requests that online locations hosting their copyrighted content be blocked, regardless of if the websites are hosted on Australian soil or not. The amendment also allows copyright holders to request that the details of piraters be handed over by Internet Service Providers. 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In modern society a common research tool used is the internet, one if its key advantages is its accessibility. Most people have access to the internet throughout the day and night; at home, on the move via mobile phones and tablets, education premises, workplace and public libraries, this createsRead MoreCopyrights And Other Legalities. Copyrights Are More Limited1490 Words   |  6 Pages Copyrights and Other Legalities Copyrights are more limited in scope than patents. They protect the original works of authorship, not the ideas they contain. In the United States, original works include literary, drama, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works. A computer program, for example, is considered a literary work and is protected by copyright. A copyright gives its owner the exclusive right to reproduce and distribute the material or perform or display it publicly. HoweverRead MoreCopyright Law On The Planet1278 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Only one thing is impossible for God: To find any sense in any copyright law on the planet† (Mark Twain). The concept of copyright in the United States has a large history. The first form of copyright in the United States stems from Article 1, Section 8, Clause 8 of the U.S. Constitution in the year 1787, where â€Å"Congress shall have power . . . to promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and in ventors the exclusive right to their respective writingsRead MoreCrown Awards, Inc. V. Discount Trophy Co., Inc. Essay972 Words   |  4 Pagesand via the Internet. Crown designed and sold a diamond-shaped spinning trophy for which it owned two copyright registrations. Discount Trophy is one of Crown’s competitors, and it sold a trophy that was substantially similar to Crown’s Spin Trophy. Crown requested that Discount discontinue the sale of the alleged copy, and when Discount refused, Crown filed suit in the Southern District of New York. Legal and Ethical Issues of the Case: In order to prevail on a claim of copyright infringementRead MoreVideo Youtube On Youtube And Youtube1179 Words   |  5 Pagesand planned to watch it at a later time. The next day, I went to go watch the video. To my surprise, the video displayed a red box with a message that stated that the video was unavailable. In 2009 you could easily find copyrighted works on the Internet. It was simple to log in to YouTube and search a movie or television show and watch it in its entirety, the only annoyance being that it was usually split up into five parts. If you were to try to do that today, you would quickly realize that you

Romanticism In Fredrick Douglass - 1385 Words

Critics struggle to fit Douglass’s narrative into a literary genre, some believe it fits within the realm of Romanticism while others argue his narrative belongs under Realism. In nineteen century America, the African American voice was missing from literature. Slave narratives were not taken seriously and most slaves were not taught how to read or write. Douglass’s was a self-taught slave his narrative was a game changer Douglass was considered an intellectual and respected by most as a reputable author. Douglass’s narrative is difficult to place within genre because it has aspects of both realism and romanticism. It is realistic to have a narrative explaining the horrors of slavery: some of the horrors so terrible it is hard for someone†¦show more content†¦This means, that Douglass’s work does not need to have actually happened to be considered a realistic narrative, it just needs to seem like it could have happened and is a normal occurrence f or slaves. After considering this, there are reasons that this narrative became so popular. Douglass’s narrative does not portray an everyday occurrence of American slavery it is about one man who, with luck on his side, made it to freedom. Every slave did suffer, slaves were beaten, raped, whipped, and worked to death this narrative does catch the sorrow of slave life but it goes out of the ordinary. The famous line â€Å"You have seen how a man was made a slave; you shall see how a slave was made a man. (Douglass, 73) is a chasm used to exemplify this. Overcoming oppression in the scene where Douglass takes on Mr. Covey the â€Å"slave breaker† (Douglass, 66) would not be a normal occurrence, Douglass triumphs and becomes the embodiment of a romantic hero. To overcome Covey, â€Å"Douglas creates a need to invent a self outside of the active oppression around him.† (Wessel). Instead of being realistic, this narrative is an example of propaganda, Douglass roma nticises the fight to get his readers attention, to give slaves hope, and to grasp Northerners’ following in joining the abolitionists. â€Å"While the reality of Douglass’s experiences is anything but aShow MoreRelatedRomanticism And Realism727 Words   |  3 Pagesdiscussing the transition from Romanticism to Realism in literature in the 1800’s. Both styles of literature we’re revolutionary in their time and are still two of the most popular styles of writing today. While Romanticism seems to focus on metaphors and emotions Realism mostly focuses on the character and the aspects of everyday life. Although these two styles are very different it is easy to see how Romanticism lead to the Realism style of writing. Usually in Romanticism the characters tend to be unRead MoreRomanticism vs. Realism Essay848 Words   |  4 PagesThe main ideas of the period of Romanticism were largely based on self expression, free will and the ability to act on that will, spontaneity, individualism and the prospect to shape your own life. The thoughts of the realists pertained to more concrete aspects of the here and now and emphasize that the things that matter are unavoidable truths. In the Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass, his ideas of human potential and self exploration towards becoming part of the proclaimed freedoms andRead MoreAmerican Romanticism As Portrayed By Walt Whitman s Song Of Myself979 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican Romanticism as portrayed by Walt Whitman’s â€Å"Song of Myself† and Fredrick Douglass’s Narrative American Romanticism focuses on the imagination, emotions and idealized perspectives of the world. Romanticism is in opposition to the forms and conventions of Neoclassical Literature and is a reaction to the Age of reason which preceded Romanticism. Reason was ruled out in this era in place of imagination, individuality, and emotions, which are all three roots that defines Romanticism. Although

The Museum Of African American History Essay Example For Students

The Museum Of African American History Essay This research paper will discuss the exhibits of both Detroit Historical Museum (DHM)   and the Wright Museum of African American History (WM) and interpret the experience   as a first time visitor (myself but with some knowledge from the course) with no prior knowledge of Underground Railroad (UGRR). This critical analysis will evaluate the DHM and WM programs and displays with respect to their intent as well as their ability to present facts and materials in understandable manner to a first time visitor. It will also touch a bit on topics discussed in assignment sheet -the overall effect of museum promoting the real knowledge of Underground Railroad. Recommendations to museum to improve public’s understanding of the topic and also Blights question â€Å"keeping the long view. However this research is focused more on the experience of the first time visitor with little or no prior knowledge. The following pages will analyse more on the critical issue of learning and knowledge of Underground Railroad through the historical facts and display of each museum and its effect on general public. There are many different definitions of museum but will state one here from the most common site to access Wikipedia. â€Å"An institution that cares for (conserves) a collection of articles and other objects of science, artistic, cultural or historical importance, and makes them available for public viewing through exhibits, that may be permanent, or temporary.† (www.wikipedia.org) As a first time visitor you will probably not find most of the key words like articles, objects and collection in DHM or WH museum of historical significance in relation to Underground Railroad and to your surprise but was the reason of success of Underground Railroad. Underground Railroad A network of secret routes and safe houses used by the runaway slaves of African descent in United States to escape to Canada or northern Free states with the help of abolitionists black or white who believed slavery was wrong. UGRR was the first civil right movement in United States and has a great success rate due to its secretive nature. It brought thousands of black salves to freedom. UGRR movement was so successful that it scared the slave owners and the congress passed the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850. This allowed the slave owners to re capture their slaves but this shed more light to the brutal conditions of the southern slaves to north and led to Civil War. All the power given to slave owners still was not able to stop this civil right movement. Instead more and more people from different religious groups like Baptists, Methodists, Quakers, started supporting UGRR with the belief that men are equal in the eyes of god. Many whites helped the slaved blacks fled to freedom. John Rankin and Levi Coffin are some famous Christians who held a lot in UGRR movement. Free Blacks like Harriet Tubman the legend of UGRR after escaping herself, helped escape many other black slaves. John Parker, William Still are few other famous people of the same fraternity who helped escape many black slaves by risking their life again and again. As UGRR was a secret and displayed in both the museums exhibits, therefore will analyse and discuss how this historical data is presented. Both the museums have their exhibits displayed in very professional manner with details of certain objectives in mind. However, after taking the Underground Railroad course itself and having prior knowledge even though the first time visitor my experience was different then what I expected and the experience of first time visitor with no prior knowledge would be even more different. Now, further discussion is based on first time visitor with no knowledge and first time visitor with some knowledge as comparison for both the museum. African American History in America EssayAlthough Detroit museum was still successful in giving the required experience by narrating a story of journey to north through lightening effects, audios â€Å"†¦psst†¦here† being an example. They used some visuals but mostly the placards with important information that relates to the dangers of the journey. This exhibit was successful in displaying both the horrific conditions of the slaves and the secretive nature of the journey, the important people involved thorough the passage display they made and the placards. All the information is on the walls in the form of cards with few but effective words describing everything from the miserable conditions of the slaves, their journey as runaway slaves, kind of tools they used â€Å"The North star† and effectively depicted their journey and the success of reaching the Promised Land- Canada. When you start to explore the exhibit after few steps it takes you to the complete darkness with woody smell and rustling of leaves is what all you can hear. This made me feel like a fugitive slave. I imagined myself as fugitive slave running away from my master towards freedom but with no idea where to go except follow the drinking gourd north to the promise land, looking for the North Star up in the sky full of darkness. I followed through the exhibit feeling a range of emotions. Reading the placards long the side with instructions and hearing the audios made me feel like I am fugitive slave running away to freedom seeking help of total strangers instructing me how a safe house looks and when to get in – â€Å"†¦when you get close to next town, you’ll see a white farmhouse with blue door. Boots will be on porch, if pointing left it’s not safe- if pointing right, it’s safe. Go to the back door, you will find food, and may be a bed for night. Good lu ck.†(Placard, Doorway to Freedom, DHM). Similar placards also describing how fugitive slaves crossed river Jordan and reached Canada-Promised Land. There were items like cement mile markers, feed bags all generic in nature but were things found in 1850 in many small towns. This gave me the feeling of being on some farm or small town. The exhibit has the legendry names and places available to from the UGRR. This place was not even half the size of the Wright Museum but to me gave same secretive experience of UGRR that Wright museum had been missing. Although both museum don’t have any display on the legends like Harriet Tubman and doesn’t mention much about the contributions of white people in UGRR movement is little disappointing to me but overall Detroit museum gave me the experience a new visitor would need to understand UGRR. To my belief keeping the long view by Blight meant to keep in mind the struggle of the UGRR movement and people involved and never fall back in the shackles of racism. Learning and studying UGRR should mean keep in mind always the ethical and moral values and treat each other with equality and respect regardless of religion, race or color. The real lesson Blight wants us to understand by keeping long view is to be tolerant, open minded and ethical all thorough our lives. Bibliography: Detroit Historical Museum: Placard, Doorway to Freedom Detroit Historical Museum: Content development Brochure www.detroithistrorical.org www.ugrronline.com www.wikipedia.org www.wright.org

Smells like teen spirit Essay Example

Smells like teen spirit Essay Kurt Cobain was 24 years old in the spring of 1991 and at his creative best to produce the album â€Å"Nevermind†. Kurt was the spine of the band Nirvana. Soon after the release of this album, Nirvana’s popularity reached dizzy heights especially riding on the terrific waves of the song â€Å"Smells like teen spirit†. The fiery class of this song effectively overshadowed the rest of the songs of the album. This five minute two second song conquered the music charts worldwide.Smells like teen spirit is categorized under the music genre popularly called grunge. Though this obscure genre was popularized by the groups like The Fartz, The U-Men and Pearl Jam but it had to Cobain’s genius that immortalized it. Grunge is typically characterized by the chaotic blend of extreme frequencies. The tone of music, vocals and bass undergoes frequent unexpected fluctuations. Loud and high frequency flow of a song is mixed with slow tempo of dissonant harmonies. Primarily, this quality differentiates grunge from closely related genres like punk rock, heavy metal and hard rock. The â€Å"dirty† sound from rock guitar, often emanating from the edge of the strings, is a common feature of this genre. Another unique feature of grunge is the lyrics. Lyrics from most of the grunge bands keep the fans involved in interesting mysteries. The words may express anxiety, fear, depression and even raging anger. Most of the first-time listeners would find it hard to derive any meaning. Due to the imposition of high pitch guitar play, even figuring out the lyrics becomes a challenge. Do not be surprised to locate severalversions for smells like teen spirit.Kurt had a sharp intellect and impressively huge vocabulary that he used generously in his lyrics. Many people have tried to make sense of these lyrics since the time of its release. Though, the words were clarified in the cover for their album â€Å"Lithium†, the meaning that they hold still pose ma ny puzzles. The music video depicts the band performing on a basketball court, surrounded by delirious fans. The boundary between the performers and the audience is blurred, portraying the non-conformity associated with teenagers. Nirvana and the contemporary bands captured the fantasies of their fans by showing their grit to challenge conventions. The seemingly meaningless lyrics typify that you have to frame your mind as a teenager’s in order to understand them. Rebellion and ecstasy is the life and blood of this song.The lyrics have been debated quite a few times. In his own words, while discussing the song in Michael Azerrads â€Å"Come As You Are: The Story of Nirvana†, Cobain said, I felt a duty to describe what I felt about my surroundings and my generation and people my age.. There is a prominent concurrence of contradiction in the lyrics.A seemingly popular belief is that Cobain named this song as an aftereffect of going out with Tobi Wail, a singer who used t o wear a perfume called Teen Spirit. Focusing on the different parts of the song can help us to understand the teen revolution that this song stood for. â€Å"Load up your guns, and bring your friends† depicts a contradiction. But metaphorically, loading the guns may actually mean to gear up for a party or a teen gig. â€Å"Its fun to lose, and to pretend† may also sound as a conflict of opposite feelings but metaphorically, it pictures the confusion of identity that majority of teenagers try to carve out in a group. â€Å"She’s overboard, and myself self-assured† is an instance of sense of complacency in the mind of teenagers. The companion is overboard or overwhelmed, while the narrator is in control of his senses. â€Å"I know I know, a dirty word† could be pointing to drugs or any other form of intoxication, including the wild parties as well. The series of â€Å"Hello hello hello, hell no† are touching the conflicts, peer pressure and à ¢â‚¬Å"catch-22† situations that adolescents land themselves into. There is a constant struggle to identify themselves in a group.There are plenty of decisions that form the turning points of one’s life. Teenage is a stage of life that will most likely carry the imprints forever. The choices about career paths, friends, habits etc get embedded as identifying parameters. â€Å"When the lights out, its less dangerous† probably meant to diminish the throb caused by light when one is high on drugs.†Here we are now, entertain us† meant to highlight the teen parties. The chorus emanates from a series of unrelated words like â€Å"Mulatto, Albino, Mosquito† etc showing the high degrees of unbiased acceptance that the teenagers extend to their group members. You may have any limitation or you may be an exception to the rest of the society, the teen gang would always embrace with open arms.   Cobain was crying out loud that he is one of them, but uniqu e.Cobain has said, The entire song is made up of contradictory ideas . . . Its just making fun of the thought of having a revolution. But its a nice thought.. The book Teen Spirit: The Stories Behind Every Nirvana Song describes Teen Spirit as a typically murky Cobain exploration of meaning and meaninglessness. The lyrics still remain as one of the most debatable aspects.Let us focus on the composition of music for this song. It is written in the key of F minor, with the main riff constructed from four power chords,   played in a syncopated 16th note strum. The chords occasionally lapse into suspended chord voicings as a result of Cobain playing the bottom four strings of the guitar for the thick sound. While melodically and harmonically simple, Smells Like Teen Spirit is based around an alternating loud/quiet dynamic that shifts from minimalistic, moody verses to loud chorus sections. The song begins with Cobain strumming the main riff solo, adding distortion when the rest of the band joins in. During the verse Cobain plays a sparse two-note guitar line. The band builds up to the chorus as Cobain begins to play the same two notes on every beat of the measure and repeats the phrase Hello, hello, hello, how low? The band then launches into an explosive chorus where Cobain resumes the main guitar riff and screams the lyrics. Between these pieces, the weird drawl of the guitar has become a defining quality for the song. After the second chorus, Cobain plays a guitar solo that resembles his vocal melody from the verse.Kurt Cobain’s voice merges with the pace of the music. He has heavy and low mumbling with the slower drum beats but picks up the pitch with the rising delirium of his guitar. The listener actually floats along with the varying rhythms of this song. The heavy drum beat in the background alters in tempo in perfect synchronization with the guitar and vocals. The lyrics pierces listener with immense honesty and reflects the ordinary teen enthusi asm. The furious pace of guitar casts a spell on the listener as it is made to scream, cry and wail. The live performances of this song show the effortlessness of Cobain while performing it. It almost seems that he would burst his veins while screaming but he drew his voice from guts. The lyrics and their ambiguous meaning added spice to this songs flavor. The impression of this song added a new dimension to the world of rock, especially grunge. People all over the world could now truly appreciate the rebirth of this music genre.The genius of Kurt Cobain and the ingenuity of Nirvana, will keep the teen spirit high for generations to come.;

equality for women essays

equality for women essays The Post Feminist Case Has Been Made; We Now Live In A World Of Equal Opportunities. Discuss The Evidence. The term of post modernism refers to feminism, as on old way of thinking, that is no longer relevant to the world today. The post feminist view is held by some western academics, which are usually male, and is sometimes traced amongst journalists. Their argument is that feminism is no longer necessary because of the achievement of equal opportunities. Over the past few decades these aims have been met. They argue that women can do or achieve anything. They can chose a career, lifestyle, to have a family or not, to play sports, to join a club, to stay at home, to marry, to cohabit or remain single. Women can now have a home, children and a career. Some criticize post feminists, and claim they live in a fantasy world. Womens movement began in the late eighteenth century when women got the vote. It has progressed through the centuries and now women have equal opportunities and choices in employment, at home these days and have strong role models in government and the media. Education has seen a dramatic change for women. Post feminists argue women now choose to go to school of their own accord as they want careers and no longer have to just get married and have a family. Girls are now on average out doing men in exam results and school grades, they are also going on to fulfill the respectable roles in society such as doctors, lawyers and surgeons. We are also seeing a growing number . Employment has also made a break from the past as we are seeing more women in employment then ever before in 1984, 66% of women aged between 16 and 59 were in some form of paid employment, by 1994 this had risen to 71% with the greatest growth amongst women with children. Women are no longer expected to be traditional and stay at home and or children and many women are now actively resisting even living with men. Post feminists...

Governmental Market Intervention Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Governmental Market Intervention - Research Paper Example The first of these which will be discussed is that of those individuals and economists that believe that any level of governmental market intervention is a net negative to the economic efficiency. This particular approach relies heavily upon the concept of deadweight loss and the loss of corresponding efficiency that is lost when the natural dynamics of supply and demand are changed according to governmental regulation/intervention. This deadweight loss represents an ultimately loss of efficiency which in turn reduces the total rewards that both the supplier and his/her component parts as well as the consumers will be able to experience within the given situation (Grawe, 2007). One of the most prominent economists that espoused such a point of view is of course Adam Smith; considered by many to be one of the most important figures in establishing a modern understanding of economics. The strength of this particular approach is the fact that it is verifiable on even the most basic of s upply and demand curves. Conversely, the greatest weakness that such an approach exhibits is the fact that it is wholly unable to account for the needs of economically at risk individuals and families that could be operating upon the very margin of society at any given time.Conversely, those that believe that government intervention can represent a net positive for the economy and society espouse the belief that the a certain degree the price ceilings and/or minimum wages that the government can regulate. The basic evidence that those who espouse such a point of view point to is the fact that it is able to regulate an otherwise cut throat environment and more appropriately bring it in line with the needs of a society that cannot be understood by simple representation of supply and demand curves (Popp et al, 2011). One of the most advocates of this particular school of thought is John Maynard Keynes; the founder of the Keynesian school of economics which has dominated the nation†™s understanding of economic concepts for over the past half century. The disadvantage of such a system is the fact that the loss of efficiency to both parties is measurable to even the most basic of economists (Pinotti, 2011). Conversely, one of the most powerful benefits of such an approach is the fact that it is one of the only economic interpretations that seeks to provide a level of social understanding to the hard and â€Å"dismal science† of providing for unlimited wants with limited resources (Boettke, 2012). Although there is probably no absolutely right or wrong approach as a function of the two which have thus far been elaborated upon,

Risk management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Risk management - Assignment Example In management of risk, the recognition, evaluation and prioritization of risks is done which is then followed by synchronized and estimated application of revenue and resources to reduce, supervise and control the probable happening of an unfortunate incident so as to maximize the usage and benefits of opportunities. There are different principles of risk management; the following are as proposed by the International Organization for Standardization. They are: To create value To be an essential part of the processes within the organization To play a role in the decision making process Openly discuss the risks Maintain a structured approach which is systematic Be tailor made The human factors be given importance and acknowledgement The policies should be fool proof BURJ KHALIFA Burj Khalifa which was initially known as Burj Dubai is located in Dubai and its construction was carried out by Emaar Properties. Its construction lasted for six continuous years starting from 2004 to 2009 and it is used for a lot of purposes be it residential, entertainment or business facilities; Burj Khalifa offers all. Its construction was done with the aim of making it into such a building which is diversified and convenient in its use; its interior boasts a dining area, a fitness club that stretches up to four stories, 37 floors that are dedicated for office use, 160 rooms that serves as the residing area for guests, 144 private residential suites, a park of 11 hectare, 6 features of water, swimming pools, a are garage that has the capacity to accommodate 3000 cars, an observation deck and approach to the scrupulously planned Dubai downtown which grants more packages and facilities to the investors of Burj Khalifa. (Frederic, 2010) RISK MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS OF BURJ KHALIFA Risk is a term that applies to an uncertain happening that may occur and impose a positive or negative effect on a certain task. Risk has a 100% chance of occurring or otherwise hence risk management aims at c ontemplating the possible causes that may contribute to a risk; thus strategies are developed to cope with it and prevent. Risk taking is a bold step and is often considered by some organizations during a project since it might in cases produce positive results. Certain risk management strategies are meticulously applied in the construction of Burj Khalifa. A few of them will be discussed here in detail. The frontage of the 01 tower in Burj Khalifa is constructed in a unique manner; the entire facade is perforated with openings which are 1,000 in number. If looked from a distance, these perforations look like O’s however a close glance at them reveals them to be as diamond or oval shaped. This design was an innovative attempt to design Burj Khalifa and was presented by Reiser-Umemoto and RUR Architecture. A competition held by the Dubai Properties gave birth to this exclusive concept in which Shahab Lufti had encouraged the group to come up with a design for the new building that would become the tallest skyscraper in the world. It is a very simple structure in which a diagrid is made of concrete and has openings that change through 4 different scales that range from 2.5m to 6.5m. This would prove to be very beneficial since the concrete frontage was designed in such a manner that would serve the purpose of a sunscreen in Dubai’

Organizations And Behavior Essay Example for Free

Organizations And Behavior Essay Introduction Management is an important activity in the performance of an organization.   Management involves integrated activities which together ensue that there is effective planning, control, and organization of recourses to lead the organization to achieve its goals and objectives. This means that managers need to have a wide range of information pertaining to different  Ã‚   departments in the organization. In this paper we are going to discus different management perspectives through accomplishment of different tasks.   The paper will look into organization structure can culture, motivation of employees, working with others in teams and groups, and organization leadership and management. Task 1 Comparing organization structure and culture of McDonalds and King George Pizza in Canada The fast food is one of the most competitive industries in the world.   The fast food industry has been recording higher rates of growth in North America including U.S and Canada than any other part of the world. MacDonald is a major player in the North American fast food industry while King George Pizza is one of small fast food establishment in British Columbia. Although the two companies operate in the same industry, there are a lot of similarity and differences in the organization structure and culture. This is based on the difference that comes as result of difference in their operation. McDonald organization structure is based on the size of its operation  Ã‚   which means that the structure has to adapt to the franchise nature of its operation (Haas and Wotruba 2003, p. 92). On the other hand, King Georges Pizza is a local restaurant operating just one branch in British Columbia. The culture between the two organization is also similar and at the same time with some differences. One of the key successes of MacDonald in the fast food industry has been its strong customer oriented culture. McDonald has adopted a market oriented culture which ensures that the company understands its consumers very well.   On the other hand, King George Pizza has also adopted a market oriented culture but its marketing activities have not been well targeted to the consumers like those of McDonalds. Due to its larger size of operation, MacDonald has adopted a bureaucratic structure that allows for standardization of its operations. The company has adopted tall structure in order to provide for standardization of operations and decision making process. On the hand, King George Pizza has adopted a pre-bureaucratic structure which lacks standardization with management strategies meant to meet the operational needs of the small establishment. The success of McDonalds has been cemented on it culture and organization structure. Since it was established, the company has taken consumer oriented hospitality culture that keeps customers coming for more.   McDonald is one of the companies which use a huge part of their revenues on customer service and advertisement in order to create good relationship with its customers. Apart from the customer oriented culture, the leadership of the company is democratic and ensures inclusion of employees in the decision making process.   The company takes its employees as the most important capital asset  Ã‚   for its growth.   Therefore McDonald employees are well motivated.   The structure of the organization has ensured standardized operations in all its establishments. Although there is management control from the head office, the franchises are given freedom in decision making process to make decisions which fits their operation (Haas and Wotruba 2003, p. 92). On the other hand, the King George Pizza has adopted an organization culture and structure that fits its operation. Like MacDonald, the company has a strong consumer oriented culture and although it does not have a customer service department, the employees have been well trained on customer service.   This has ensured the continued flow of customer to the small establishment in a competitive fast food market. At the same time, the company has adopted the right structure for its small operations. This structure ensures that there is strong control of the operation of the establishment by the management. Task 2 – Approaches to Management and Leadership Management approaches and how they can be implemented Management is one of the most important factions in the organization. Management involves playing key roles of planning and organizing the resources for the organization to lead it to achieve the set goals. Research has documented a correlation between the effectiveness of the management and the overall performance of the organization. There are different approaches to management depending on the kind of organization that one is dealing with (Haas and Wotruba 2003, p. 92).  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the most common approaches to management is the project management.   This approach ahs been used for decades although it has been undergoing several changes in the recent past. Under this approach, the management takes the organization as a project that has specific goals and objectives to achieve. Therefore the guiding principle in the management is the requirements of the project and the fulfillment of the mission needs of the organization. This approach therefore assumes that the organization runs in cycles like a project and in each cycle, there are specific objectives that have to be leading the achievement of the overall goal.   However, this approach is  Ã‚   more focused on the technical mission or the technical aspects of the projection and various plans of action  Ã‚   and milestones to be achieved are the guiding pillars for the organization. Under this approach, the management takes into consideration activities like team building, budgeting, tracking the tasks as assigned to different individuals in the organization, reviewing individual performance, and many others. The success of the project or the organization is based on the way it meets its deliverables on the stipulated time and the set budget. This means that this approach is a bit rigid and set to details. To implement this approach, the management has to understand the goals and objectives of the organization and then formulate the necessary plan that will lead the organization to achieve the set goals and objectives. Another common management approach is the Balanced score card approach. This is a strategic planning and management system which is widely used in business, government, non-profit organization, and in other organizations with an aim of aligning the acclivities of the business with the vision and the overall growth strategy.   This approach is also aimed at improving the internal and external communications and toe monitor the progress in the performance of the organization in light of the set goals. This management approach is also focused on the drivers for the future growth and performance of the organization.   To achieve this, the management prioritizes the projects or initiatives which are likely to assist the organization to achieve these goals.   In order to implement this approach, the management has to view organization from four different perspectives including the learning and growth perspective, the business process perspective, the customer perspective, and financial perspective (Haas and Wotruba 2003, p. 92). Operational change As the U.S economy recede, most companies have been forced to undergo operations changes which are meant to reduce the cost of operation to align with the changing economic condition. The U.S Automotive industry which is on its knees due to threats of bankruptcy has seen a number of players in the industry under various operational changes in order to reduce the cost of operation. With the large burden of meeting the high labor cost, General Motors is one of the companies which as restructured its operation in a number of ways in order to cut its cost. Although the changes have emanated from the economical factors which may be beyond the control of the company, it has result to massive layoff and closing down of its plants in order to reduce the cost of operation. However, this has not gone well with UAW which is the trade union representing automotive workers in the US. The issues for confrontation has been the agreement that were made earlier between the company and the worker and even in the current financial crisis, the UAW has refused to let the deal go. Apparently the company could have retained some of the labor force and lowered the rate of pay per hour. At this time we can say the company is in a crisis. Managing change during a crisis is one of the most difficult tasks for any organization. At the time of crisis the organization needs to have a strong leadership style that does not compromise on the need to bring the organization back to its feet. Therefore authoritative leadership should be used to manage the current restructuring taking place in Ford General Motors. Authoritative leadership would minimize the number of time the management ha s to engage with the employees and the unions since the union has failed to recognize the current financial situation of the company. Task 3 – Motivational Theories In the 20th century management, the organizational assets were the most important capital for an organization. However, this has drastically changed in the 21st century and employees have become the most important capital for any organization. A well motivated workforce  Ã‚   can help an organization to have a competitive edge in the market which other organizations may find difficult to replicate.  Ã‚   One of the most important factors in human resource management is to ensure the overall satisfaction of the employees.  Ã‚   The main duty of human resource management is to ensure that employees are represented in the management and their affairs are taken care of. Motivation of the employees is one of the human resource practices that have been shown to increase employee satisfaction and therefore low rate of employee turnover and higher retention. Different organizations have taken different approaches to employee motivation (Weightman 2008, p. 45).   Research has documented that  Ã‚   despite the varied methods of employees motivation, monetary incentives remains the most effective.   Employee motivation can be described using behavioral and social approach. According to the behavioral approach, the management needs to have a clear understanding of the employees including the incentives and rewards that are used to motivate employees in the company.   In this case the managers have a duty of identifying the specific behavior that need to be reinforced in employees. These may include outstanding performance of the employee, punctuality, neatness, accuracy in completion of tasks and others. Any employee who shows improvements in these behaviors need to be rewarded to reinforce the development of those positive behaviors. On the other hand, social approaches include the integration of the cognitive and the behavioral aspects.   This theory view motivation as a factor produced by two forces including the expectation of the individual to succeed at work and the need to gain vicarious experience. Once the management recognizes the individual expectations, then they should provide the approach environment that will help the individual employee to achieve these. According the Maslow hierarchy of needs, we have different needs in our life that has to be fulfilled. The Maslow hierarchy therefore assumes that there are those basic needs that have to be met for the employees to the motivated.   The Maslow hierarchy of needs can be used to categorize how employees have different needs that have to be met for them to be motivated (Weightman 2008, p. 45).   .   The Maslow hierarchy theory starts with the basic needs up to social need. At the bottom there is physiological needs, safety, social, esteem, and self actualization a the top This means that it is important to recognize the specific needs of the employee that has to be met first according their hierarchy of needs. According to this theory, there are some basic needs that have to be met and in our life, we struggle to meet these needs. This means that our quest in life is to climb up the Maslow hierarchy to meet these needs.   Therefore if such needs are not satisfied, then individual motivation will arise from to satisfy them.   In line with fulfillment of these needs, a business therefore needs to offer different incentives to the workers in order to fulfill the different need as they progress up the ladder. Another theory of motivation is the two factor theory of Hertzberg.   Also known as hygiene theory,  Ã‚   it emphasizes more on the factors in the working environment which causes satisfaction and dissatisfaction.   The following table lists the top six factors which cause dissatisfaction and the top six factors causing satisfaction. Factors leading to dissatisfaction Leading to satisfaction Company policy Achievement Supervision Recognition Relationship with the boss Work itself Work conditions Responsibility Salary Advancement Relationship with peers Growth Like Maslow, Hertzberg reasoned that there are different individual needs which can be satisfied by money while there are others which cannot be satisfied by money. He argued that physiological needs or basic needs should be satisfied first while the other physiological needs should be satisfied later (Weightman 2008, p. 45).   . The implications of Hertzberg theory assert that the management should not only meet the hygiene factor to avoid the dissatisfaction of employees but they must also provide other factors which intrinsic to work in order to have satisfied employees. For example IBM, which is one of the most prosperous ICT companies in the world, has taken various strategies including flexible working schedules, pay per performance, and others in order to motivate their employees. The company takes an order from a client and allocates it to the worker who then works closely with the client to ensure that they meet all the technological challenges given by the client. Task 4 – Working with others, teamwork, groups and group dynamics Difference between teams and groups In many instances, we tend to use the work group and team interchangeably. However there are many differences between a tem and a group in the real application of the two.   In management we usually stress the importance of team building and not group building. This is because the strength of a team depends on the common purpose and the connectivity of the individual members. On the other hand, the strength of a group come the volume or the willingness to carry out the command given by the leader. In real application, it is very easy to form a group rather than a team. A group can be formed   by individuals of different   types and background but eventually it will be very difficult to achieve the commonality between the group members.   It is very difficult to build consensus in a group for a leader that it is in a team.   Unlike a group which is simple to form, a team is quite difficult to form.    The members of a team are not selected on the ground of commonality but on the ground of compatibility in different  Ã‚   complementary skills. For example a business team can be made up of an accountant, a salesman, secretary, and others.   Every member plays a different role but which are integrated to achieve a common goal. Unlike in a group, there is no room for conflicts in a team. The role of teams in a small and a big organization differs in some aspects although all the teams have the same role of achieving a set goal. However, teams in a small organization may be easier to form and evaluate and their process of work may be simpler due to the size of their operation. On the other hand, teams in a larger organization may take time to form since all members have to be consulted. Their process of work may be a bit difficult since they have a large operation to cover. Application of Tuckman and Jensen team development model Tuckman and Jensen present us with four stages which define group development.   Although the process can be subconscious, the four stages present the process which all groups go through in their formation. The first stage is the forming stage in which the individual behavior is defined by the desire to be accepted by other members of the team (McGrath and Tschan 2004, p. 61).   At this stage, serious issues, feelings, controversy, or conflict are usually avoided.   The individuals get more focused on adapting to their roles and gather information about others. The next stage is storming stage in which the group remains good to the other only when important issues are addressed.   There are minor confrontations which are dealt with or are ignored. These conflicts are related to work or relationship in the group.   The next stage is the norming stage in which the rules of engagement for the group member are established. At this stage, members understands the other well and the experience the efforts and experience of the other. However, individuals at this stage are resistance to change especially from outside for fear of group break up (McGrath and Tschan 2004, p. 61). The last stage is the performing stage which not many groups usually reach this stage.   This stage is characterized by interdependence and flexibility and every group member understand their role and trust each other. The group identity, loyalty and the performance are high as members become task oriented. How communication methods can affect team performance in a large multi national organization. Communication is one of the most important factors for optimum performance of an organization.   The communication process helps the organizations to pass important operation details from one department to the other. The communication structure in an organization is also very important since determines the flow of information from the management to the employees.   The  Ã‚   communication structure in an organization should ensure the smooth flow of information between the dyad in the work place. However, communication methods can affect team performance in multinational organizations. In most multinational organizations, the teams may be allocated to a certain function far away from the managements of the organization. This means that the team may be faced with the difficulty of enquiring important details regarding their duties from the management. At the same time, there is a high likelihood that the team will be made up of individuals using different languages. This means that the team will require an interpreter for it to function effectively (McGrath and Tschan 2004, p. 61). While forming teams for multinational organizations, language barrier should be one of the most important factors to consider. Bibligraphy: Haas, R.W. Wotruba, T.R 2003, Management: Concepts, Practice and Cases, Texas: Business Publications, Inc McGrath, J. E., Tschan, F 2004, Temporal matters in social psychology: Examining the role of time in the lives of groups and individuals. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association Weightman, J 2008, The Employee Motivation Audit, Cambridge Strategy Publications

It’s Time to Take the Christ Out of Christmas :: Argumentative Persuasive Argument Essays

It’s Time to Take the Christ Out of Christmas Christmas in America is an exuberant display of human ingenuity, capitalist productivity, and the enjoyment of life. Yet all of these are castigated as "materialistic"; the real meaning of the holiday, we are told, is assorted Nativity tales and altruist injunctions (e.g., love thy neighbor) that no one takes seriously. In fact, Christmas as we celebrate it today is a 19th-century American invention. The freedom and prosperity of post Civil War America created the happiest nation in history. The result was the desire to celebrate, to revel in the goods and pleasures of life on earth. Christmas (which was not a federal holiday until 1870) became the leading American outlet for this feeling. Historically, people have always celebrated the winter solstice as the time when the days begin to lengthen, indicating the earth's return to life. Ancient Romans feasted and reveled during the festival of Saturnalia. Early Christians condemned these Roman celebrations--they were waiting for the end of the world and had only scorn for earthly pleasures. By the fourth century the pagans were worshipping the god of the sun on December 25, and the Christians came to a decision: if you can't stop 'em, join 'em. They claimed (contrary to known fact) that the date was Jesus' birthday, and usurped the solstice holiday for their Church. Even after the Christians stole Christmas, they were ambivalent about it. The holiday was inherently a pro-life festival of earthly renewal, but the Christians preached renunciation, sacrifice, and concern for the next world, not this one. As Cotton Mather, an 18th-century clergyman, put it: "Can you in your consciences think that our Holy Savior is honored by mirth? . . . Shall it be said that at the birth of our Savior . . . we take time . . . to do actions that have much more of hell than of heaven in them?" Then came the major developments of 19th-century capitalism: industrialization, urbanization, the triumph of science--all of it leading to easy transportation, efficient mail delivery, the widespread publishing of books and magazines, new inventions making life comfortable and exciting, and the rise of entrepreneurs who understood that the way to make a profit was to produce something good and sell it to a mass market. For the first time, the giving of gifts became a major feature of Christmas. Early Christians denounced gift-giving as a Roman practice, and Puritans called it diabolical.

William Faulkner His Life and Stories

A renowned novelist, William Cuthbert Faulkner was born in New Albany, Mississippi in 1897 (The Columbia Encyclopedia). Eight years prior to his birth, his grandfather was killed by an ex-partner in business. William Faulkner was the eldest of the siblings. During his school life, William loved sports and was a quarterback in the football team and his passion for writing poetry existed since he was only 13 years old. However he lost interest in school and before he could graduate, he dropped out. Faulkner tried to get enlisted in the army but due to his short height, he was refused and thus enlisted himself with the Canadian Air Force after lying about facts and figures and convincing them that he was British. Although Faulkner did serve with the Canadian Air Force in World War I, the war was over before he could experience any action. However he still related tales of his action in war and injuries to people when he came back after the war. At the University of Mississippi, Faulkner studied literature for a brief period of time and wrote poems as well as drew cartoons for â€Å"The Scream† which was the university magazine. Again Faulkner lost interest in studies and soon left the university before he could graduate. Phil Stone, Faulkner's friend had helped with the publication of his poetry â€Å"The Marble Faun† in 1924. In 1925, Faulkner moved to New Orleans and published many sketches and essays in a magazine by the name of â€Å"The Double Dealer†. His stories which he related to people about how he fought in World War I were seen to be reflected in his first ever novel called â€Å"Soldiers' Pay†. Later on he traveled to Europe where he visited Italy, France and England and soon returned back to the United States. Soldier's Pay† was published in 1926 and Faulkner began writing another novel by the name of â€Å"Mosquitoes† which is taken today to be one of the worse works presented by Faulkner. Sartoris, which was later republished as â€Å"Flags in the Dust† in 1973, was written in 1929 and it was set in a fictional made up part of Mississippi. In the same year, Faulkner married Estelle Oldham. Estelle had divorced Franklin, her first husband who was a lawyer. The following year, after marriage, Faulkner purchased a new house in Oxford. Many of his works were named after buildings which showed the importance of architecture in the eyes of Faulkner. Faulkner completed his work on â€Å"As I Lay Dying† in six weeks and relates in it the life of Addie Bundren till death (Anonymous). 1931 brought good news to the Faulkner household with the birth of a daughter who was named Alabama. However happiness was not to stay with the Faulkners for long and the child who was a case of premature birth, died after a couple of days. Faulkner also worked for 20th Century Fox, in Hollywood as an on-screen writer. In 1939 his mistress left him and went to Germany with her newly wedded husband. â€Å"Bailey's Woods† was purchased by Faulkner which a wooded land and he gave it to one of his brothers for management. Faulkner also related the death of his grandfather in one of the later books where we find a character called Bayard Sartoris who was murdered in the exact same way. Much of Faulkner's life was spent writing various novels which proved to be a remarkable piece of literature. In November 1949, Faulkner was voted to receive the Nobel Prize but due to the votes not being unanimous, the award was delayed to be delivered the following year. Faulkner died from a coronary occlusion in 1962. Barn Burning is one of the short stories written by William Faulkner. It was written in 1939 which was the mid point in the career life of William Faulkner. Faulkner is known to have related real life incidences in his stories and they closely relate to him and his life. Similarly Barn Burning has this association prevalent throughout it. It is a sad story and shows the struggle which the unprivileged had to undergo with the privileged people of the society. The two main characters of this story are Colonel Sartoris Snopes and his father Abner Snopes. In the feudal system shown in the story, Abner Snopes is a sharecropper and has to share the majority of his produce with the landlord. This left Abner and his family in a state of hard work and major profits going to the landlord while they received the meager share fit only for survival. The elements of love and respect are missing in the relationship between Colonel Sartoris and his father. The story begins with a scene in the courtroom where a case is under hearing against Abner Snopes. Mr. Harris has accused him of burning his barn and due to lack of evidence Abner is released. However the judge asks him to leave the country. For the first time Abner replies and the reader comes to find out the Abner has a voice â€Å"cold and harsh†. He states that he wishes to leave the country himself. Abner is seen to be referred by people as the â€Å"Barn Burner†. Privilege to education was not for Colonel Sartoris or his siblings to enjoy and nutrition was another factor missing from their lives. They â€Å"could smell the coffee from the room where they would presently eat the cold food remaining from the mid-afternoon meal. † William Faulkner stresses on these two missing factors to show the low morale of the people in the book. This is closely related to the low morale of the people of his time that belonged to the middle class. In â€Å"Barn Burning† Abner Snopes is also depicted as a man who is loyal to no one other than himself or his family (which is a mere extension of himself)† (Max L. Loges, p. 44). The family is forced to shift from one farm to another as Abner's behavior is considered unacceptable by all the landlords. Eventually Abner ends up burning his landlord's farm. Colonel Sartoris feared that he might end up becoming like his father and he detested this thought. He disliked his father but did not want to be disloyal to his family and thought â€Å"our Enemy he though in that despair; ourn! ine and hisn both! He's my Father! † Sartoris wanted to become a better man and a man of truth, something which his father was not. Although Sartoris felt that his father had faced enough hardships during war and now he was just taking what was rightfully his. Sartoris did not know that Abner ran away from the war and deserted the troops. After burning the farm of Major de Spain, Sartoris had to decide now whether he was going to tell everyone the truth or lie to protect his father. It was time for Sartoris to make himself the better person he wanted to. The economic conditions presented in the story relates to the economic conditions of William Faulkner at that time. Therefore William Faulkner wrote against the economic injustice which he himself went through. The mansion and woods are what attracted Faulkner a lot and in his life he does purchase these after marriage. In all the story does not closely relate to the life of Faulkner but one can see its reflection in it. â€Å"A Rose for Emily† has a very long opening sentence that is of 56 words and the setting is at the funeral of Emily Grierson. This story was originally published in 1930. The circumstances of Emily's life are narrated by Faulkner and her relationship with her lover, father and the townspeople. â€Å"‘Rose for Emily' has been ‘read variously as a Gothic horror tale, a study in abnormal psychology, an allegory of the relations between North and South, a meditation on the nature of time, and a tragedy with Emily as a sort of tragic heroine'† (Anonymous). The narrator informs the reader that the men of the town attended the funeral of Emily due to an obligation which they felt. The women go inside her house because no one has seen the inside of Emily's house for a long period of time measurable by years. â€Å"The men through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument, the women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house, which no one save an old man-servant–a combined gardener and cook–had seen in at least ten years†. Emily was more like a mystery to the town and people were inquisitive about her house and herself. In this take we once again come across the character called Colonel Sartoris who was shown to be a former mayor of the town. Emily was a beautiful young girl whose father had to force away everyone who fell in love with her. This behavior was partially in effect due to the high praises that her family would receive by the town and this affected her life a lot. After the death of her father, when Emily was free to choose and do what she willed, she came in contact with a man who Faulkner has named Homer Barron. Mentally immature, Emily clung onto him and fell deeply in love with him. The whole town was aware of their affair and wondered if they were already married to each other. Soon Homer disappeared and it was assumed that he and Emily were married. When the women went to explore Emily's house they came across a room which was not opened and the townspeople went to open that room. The room was full of dust and was â€Å"decked and furnished as for a bridal. † Male clothing was found there which included shoes, collar, suit and a tie. â€Å"Then shockingly, laying right there in the bed was the man†. The townspeople were in state of astonishment and they remained motionless for a while. Homer was killed by Emily so that he would never leave her again and be with her till eternity. Faulkner presents a psychological condition in Emily and the effects imprisonment can cause once a person is free. The bisexual possibilities housed in the narrator of â€Å"A Rose for Emily† reflect just such capabilities in Faulkner and attest to his attempts to interrogate the gender control inherent in authorship† (Renee R. Curry, p. 391). He describes Emily's house as an intimate space. Faulkner portrays in this story his personal stance regarding the patriarchal societies. â€Å"A Rose for Emily† shows that in a male dominating society, man controls the women but they do not realize the negative effects which this forceful control can bring about and indeed such actions soon gave rise to feminism. Dry September is another one of the great works in English literature in the field of short stories. William Faulkner knew how to write and exhibited a classic style of writing. The story is about Will Mayes, a black man falsely accused of sexually assaulting an old white maid known in this story as Minnie Cooper. The story relates to the different classes and social standards practiced by the then southern society. Minnie Cooper is a victim of such elements in the society. The bulk of the story is about the black man, Will Mayes, being wrongly sentenced to death. The story however also outlines the social and moral plummeting of a woman. Although in this story a woman is the cause of the death of an innocent man, Faulkner with his amazing style of writing makes it seem like an understandable event. This short story was first published in 1931 and Faulkner was paid $200 for this remarkable piece of writing (Anonymous). The story starts with the words â€Å"through the bloody September night†. These words are carefully chosen by Faulkner and not only do they describe the sunset but also the murder of the innocent black man. A rumor had spread â€Å"like a fire in dry grass† and the aftermath would be the death of a man who was innocent. So the story starts off with the image of murder, injustice and violence and this is the main theme of the story. â€Å"Stale pomade† and â€Å"stale breath and odors† are the expressive words used by Faulkner to present to the readers the barbaric unjust ambiance. Faulkner further states that no one really knew what happened and thus he takes a step further in portraying the extent of injustice that was about to take place. No one knew yet a man was about to be sentenced to death. The story has been divided into sections where the first section is in the barbershop and the following one deals will Minnie and her life. The part where Faulkner deals with Minnie and her life, the reader comes to learn that Minnie herself is a victim of the society and she lives in a place where she is constantly ignored. The last section shows the male dominated society and the helplessness of women when McLendon physically abuses his wife. Faulkner is seen to bring out the wrongness in a male dominated society and thus expresses the ugliness of it in many of his stories including â€Å"Dry September†. In that male dominated society, a woman was noticed and given importance only if she was sexually appealing and good looking. Minnie was no longer attractive and â€Å"the sitting and lounging men did not even follow her with their eyes any more†. This made Minnie feel not important and nonexistent. She probably even doubted her being a female. The town felt sorry for Minnie and a mob killed Willie assuming that Willie had raped the old maid. Faulkner expresses in the story the prejudices that existed in his own surroundings. He censored the description of the killing of Willie so that the reader does not wander off the actual point that Faulkner is trying to convey. He wanted his audience to know the reasons for such injustices and to cure them. â€Å"Faulkner's views are revealed to the reader with the help of numerous details: the society where people commit a crime is cruel† (T. Fedorova). While Willie is a victim to people like Millie, Millie herself is a victim to the male dominated society where the importance of a woman is only till the time she is young and beautiful. Faulkner wishes such elements to be eradicated from the society in which he lives.

The Use Of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution

The Authorization for Use of Military Force against Iraq Resolution was enacted in 2002 after being signed by the President in October, 2002 at a time when the congress was significantly influenced by the terror attacks carried out by the Al-Qaeda group which was funded by Iraq. The President George W. Bush initiated the resolution through a declaration to the General Assembly of the United Nations that it was adopting a resolution in protection of its national security with or without support of the Security Council. The resolution which had limited time from its initiation and enactment was greatly influenced by the political campaign of the presidential elections in which George W. Bush had been an influence to the Republican party and†¦show more content†¦The United States of America was also threatened through hostility demonstrated by the 1993 assassination attempt on George H.W Bush and firing of the coalition aircraft after the 1991 Gulf war. The State of Iraq contin ued to aid other international terrorist organizations, which were especially the anti-United States. The resolution was therefore adopted to prevent such acts by Iraq. The Authorization for Use of Military Force against Iraq Resolution was also supported by other states in its adoption as they wanted Saddam Hussein (the president of Iraq at the time) to be removed from power. The other states which adopted the resolution included Turkey, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. The legislation was also adopted as required by the Constitution and the Congress for the president to fight terrorism against the United States. This was also emphasized by the Iraq Liberation Act of 1998 which stated that it should be part of the United States’ policy to remove the Saddam Hussein regime and promote a democratic type of governance (Weisburd, 2004). The United States also believed that the Al-Qaeda organization was responsible for terrorist attacks such as 9/11 and therefore need to protect its citizens from such attacks in the future. Furthermore, the United States desired to have the country’s national security reinstated (Weisburd, 2004). The United Nations Security Council